The biological deodorization box is an exhaust gas treatment device based on microbial degradation technology, primarily used to eliminate malodorous gases generated in industries, municipal areas, and other fields. With advantages such as environmental friendliness, low operating costs, and no secondary pollution, it stands as one of the mainstream deodorization equipment options currently available.
Overview of the Core Principle
The core of the biological deodorization box lies in the adsorption and degradation function of microorganisms. The entire process can be divided into three steps, accomplished by the biological fillers (such as volcanic rock, ceramic pellets, polyurethane foam, wood chips, etc., which provide attachment carriers for microorganisms) filled inside the box
1.Gas-liquid mass transfer: Odorous gases (such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, methyl mercaptan, VOCs, etc.) are drawn into the odor removal box by a blower, where they fully contact the microbial water film on the packing surface. Gaseous pollutants dissolve into the water film, completing the transfer from the gas phase to the liquid phase.
2. Microbial adsorption: Microorganisms in the water film adsorb dissolved pollutant molecules into their own cells.
3. Biodegradation: Microorganisms decompose adsorbed malodorous pollutants into harmless inorganic substances through their metabolic activities. For example, hydrogen sulfide is broken down into sulfate and water, ammonia into nitrate and nitrogen gas, and organic matter into CO₂ and H₂O. The treated gas that meets standards is then discharged through the outlet vent.
Product Structure and Types
1. Basic structure
The standard biological deodorization box mainly consists of the following parts:
Air intake system: including air intake duct, induced draft fan, and air distribution device, the function is to evenly deliver odorous gases into the box, avoiding excessive local load.
Biological packing layer: the core functional area, with high porosity and large specific surface area of the packing, and a large number of domesticated deodorizing microbial communities (such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, etc.) attached to the surface.
Spray system: Continuously spray nutrient solution and water onto the filling layer to maintain the humidity of the filling (usually controlled at 40%~60%) and the nutrients required by microorganisms, ensuring microbial activity.
Exhaust system: including air outlet and chimney, through which the treated standard gas is discharged.
Control system: used to control parameters such as fan start stop, spray frequency, temperature and humidity to ensure stable operation of the equipment.
2. Common types
Divided by airflow direction: vertical biological deodorization box (airflow from bottom to top), horizontal biological deodorization box (airflow passing horizontally).
Divided by packing type: biological drip filtration tower (packing is inorganic or organic carrier, spray liquid circulation), biological filter (packing is mostly natural organic matter, such as compost, peat, no need for circulating spray).
Reference Table for Selection of Biological Deodorization Box
This selection table is matched with core parameters such as air volume, concentration of odorous gases, applicable scenarios, and packing types, making it convenient for quick selection and suitable for mainstream deodorization needs in municipal, industrial, and aquaculture industries.
| Selection parameter category | Selection of subdivision items | Applicable types of biological deodorization boxes | Core matching points | Typical application scenarios |
| Handling air volume |
Small wind volume(1000-10000 m³/h) |
Horizontal small biofilter/biofilter tower (single box) | Modular design, small footprint, suitable for dispersed low air volume exhaust gas | Small public toilets, laboratory waste gas, small food processing workshops |
|
Stroke volume(10000-50000 m³/h) |
Horizontal combined biological filter/vertical biological drip filtration tower | Multi box parallel connection, flexible adjustment of air volume, moderate degree of automation | Small and medium-sized sewage treatment plants, garbage transfer stations, and medium-sized livestock farms | |
|
high air volume(50000-200000 m³/h) |
Large vertical biological drip filtration tower (multi-layer packing)+uniform air system | Using high porosity fillers, equipped with a strong exhaust system, and requiring a matching spray circulation device | Large scale landfill sites, large-scale slaughterhouses, and waste gas treatment stations in chemical industrial parks | |
| Odorous gas concentration |
low concentration(≤50 mg/m³) |
Ordinary biological filter (filled with compost/peat) | No pre-treatment required, direct microbial degradation, low operating cost | Odor from public toilets and exhaust gas from aerobic areas of domestic sewage treatment plants |
|
Medium concentration(50-200 mg/m³) |
Biological drip filtration tower (filled with ceramic particles/polyurethane sponge) | Need to spray nutrient solution to enhance microbial metabolism and improve degradation efficiency | Waste gas from garbage transfer stations and manure treatment rooms in breeding farms | |
|
Medium to high concentration(200-500 mg/m³) |
Biological drip filtration tower+pre water washing pretreatment | Wash with water first to remove some water-soluble pollutants and reduce microbial load | Chemical sulfur-containing/ammonia containing waste gas, food fermentation workshop waste gas | |
| Main types of pollutants |
Sulfur containing compounds(H₂S,Methanethiol) |
Domestication of sulfur oxidizing bacteria in biofilters/drip towers |
Inoculate sulfur oxidizing bacteria on the surface of the filler to control pH 6.5-7.5 |
Anaerobic zone of sewage treatment plant, chemical desulfurization waste gas |
|
Ammonia containing substances(NH₃) |
Nitrifying bacteria domestication biofilter |
Add nitrogen source nutrient solution to the filler to maintain the activity of nitrifying bacteria and control it pH 7.0-8.0 |
Waste gas from breeding farms and manure treatment centers | |
|
mix VOCs + stench |
Composite microbial community bio drip filtration tower (filled with activated carbon fiber and ceramic particles) | Activated carbon fiber adsorption concentration, synergistic degradation by composite microbial community | Low concentration mixed exhaust gas from pharmaceutical workshops and painting workshops | |
| Filler type | Natural organic fillers (compost, peat, sawdust) | Biological filter | Low cost, good adsorption, but prone to agglomeration, with a lifespan of 1-2 years | Low concentration, intermittent exhaust gas treatment |
| Inorganic fillers (ceramic particles, zeolites, volcanic rocks) | Biological drip filtration tower | High porosity, not easily clogged, with a lifespan of 3-5 years, requiring regular supplementation of nutrient solution | Medium to high concentration, continuous exhaust gas treatment | |
| Synthetic fillers (polyurethane sponge, plastic honeycomb) | Large scale biological drip filtration tower | Large specific surface area, low ventilation resistance, lifespan of 5-8 years, high initial investment | High air volume and high load industrial waste gas treatment |
Application Scenarios
The biological deodorization box is suitable for the treatment of low to medium concentration and high air volume odorous gases, and is widely used in the following fields:
1. In the field of municipal environmental protection: sewage treatment plants (grid rooms, aeration tanks, sludge dewatering rooms), garbage transfer stations, landfills, manure treatment centers, etc.
2. Industrial sector:
Chemical and pharmaceutical industries: sulfur-containing and ammonia containing waste gases generated during production processes;
Food processing industry: odorous exhaust gases from slaughterhouses, seafood processing plants, breweries, and seasoning factories;
Breeding industry: ammonia and hydrogen sulfide waste gas from livestock and poultry houses in large-scale breeding farms;
Coatings and printing industry: low concentration VOCs and odorous mixed exhaust gas.
Odor control in public places: public toilets, garbage transfer stations, and large venues.
Product Features
1. Advantages and Characteristics
Green and environmentally friendly: utilizing microorganisms for natural degradation, without the need for adding chemical agents, without secondary pollution, and the final product is harmless inorganic substances.
Low operating costs: only a small amount of electricity (fan, spray pump) and nutrient solution are required, and microorganisms can naturally proliferate without frequent replacement; Compared to technologies such as activated carbon adsorption and plasma deodorization, the long-term operating cost is lower.
High processing efficiency: The removal rate of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia can reach over 90%, and the removal rate of most volatile odorous substances can reach 80% to 95%.
Strong adaptability: can adapt to different types of odorous gases by domesticating microorganisms; The equipment can be designed modularly and flexibly combined according to the amount of exhaust gas treatment.
Simple operation and maintenance: With a high degree of automation, daily maintenance only requires checking the status of the packing, replenishing nutrient solution, cleaning the spray system blockage, etc.
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